MUHAMMADJON TINISHBAYEV
Muhammadjon Tinishbayev [Mukhamedjan Tinishpayev] was a state and public figure, historian and scientist. He was born on May 12, 1879 at the foot of Mount Echkiolmas, Sadir Volost, Lepsinsk District, Yettisuv Region. His nationality was Kazakh [1]. In 1889-1900, he studied at the Verny Men’s Gymnasium, and in 1900-1906, he studied at the St. Petersburg Imperial Institute - Institute of Railway Transport Engineers named after Alexander I. In 1907, he was elected as a deputy of the Russian State Duma of the II convocation. He was elected a member of the Turkestan Committee of the Provisional Government established in April 1917. At the same time, he was the commissioner of Yettisuv region of the Provisional Government [2]. After the establishment of the Turkestan Autonomous Government in Kokand on November 27, 1917, he was appointed as the Prime Minister (November - December 1917) and Minister of Internal Affairs (November 1917 - February 1918). On December 5-13, 1917, he participated in the Second All-Kazakh Congress held in Orenburg. Alash Autonomy [Alash Horde government] was established in this congress under the leadership of Alikhan Bukeykhanov (1866-1937). Tinishbayev worked as the Minister of Internal Affairs (December 1917 - March 1920) and later as the Deputy Prime Minister in the Alash Horda government.
- Tinishbayev later worked in various positions in Turkestan ASSR and Kazakhstan ASSR. He wrote various works on the history and ethnography of the Turkic peoples and they were published in Russian in Tashkent [3].
- Tinishboyev was imprisoned by the Soviet authorities for the first time on August 3, 1930 and was exiled to the central black territory (now Voronezh Oblast) for five years (1930-1935). Later, he was re-imprisoned by the NKVD in Tashkent on November 21, 1937, and died in the Tashkent prison hospital on July 3, 1939 [4].
On February 27, 1970, the criminal case against M. Tinishbayev was reviewed by the investigative department of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the Uzbekistan SSR, and he was rehabilitated.
Selected works of M. Tinishbayev and other books were published in Almaty after 1991. After the collapse of the USSR, many statues were erected in his memory in Kazakhstan. A special medal was issued in his name in Kazakhstan [5].
[1] Rajabov Q. Turkiston Muxtoriyati vazirlari hamda milliy majlis aʼzolari hayoti va taqdiri. – Toshkent: “Bodomzor Invest”, 2021. – B. 18-19.
[2] Marat Yeskendiruli (Ebdeshev). Ministri “Alash Ordi” (qozoq va rus t.). –Almati, 2008. –S. 75 – 77.
[3] Rajabov Q. Tinishboyev Muhammadjon //Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. T. 8. –Toshkent: “Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” Davlat ilmiy nashriyoti, 2004. –B. 439.
[4] Muxamedjan Tinishpayev. Vospominaniya, dokumenti, fotografii. –Almati: “Tomiris-21”, 2017. –S.98.
[5] Rajabov Q. Turkiston Muxtoriyati vazirlari hamda milliy majlis aʼzolari hayoti va taqdiri. – Toshkent: “Bodomzor Invest”, 2021. – B. 18-19.
